A Jamaican band active in the late 1960s.

The Soul Brothers bridged the gap between ska and the arrival of rocksteady, mixing it all up with funk, jazz and Latin styles, recording at Studio One between 1965 and 1967. The previous era of ska had been dominated by the Skatalites, who comprised Don Drummond, Roland Alphonso, Jackie Mittoo, Johnny Moore, Lloyd Knibbs, Lloyd Brevett, Tommy McCook, Ernest Ranglin and Lester Sterling.

 Formed in 1963, the Skatalites were the first in-house band at Studio One and created scores of classic hits such as Guns of Navarone. Unfortunately, the strong personalities in the group meant that they stayed together for less than 2 years. It was also around this time that the mentally unwell Drummond was arrested for the murder of his girlfriend.

In August 1965, barely a week after the demise of the original Skatalites, the Soul Brothers (featuring ex-Skatalites members Mittoo, Alphonso, Moore and Brevett) were up and running as the new house band at Studio One. Other members in this group included Wallin Cameron (guitar) and Bunny Williams (drums). The group was essentially a collective, releasing material under their own name or under a nominal leader (usually Mittoo or Alphonso). The group line-up changed over time with Bobby Ellis (trumpet), Bryan Atkinson (bass), Dennis Campbell (sax), Harry Haughton (guitar) and Joe Isaacs (drums) replacing various members alongside the ever-present Mittoo.

The Soul Brothers mix of musical styles is described as ska, jump-up and soul sounds. The opening track Last Train to Skaville signalled the end of the ska era, as the Soul Brothers started to forge a new sound that by 1967 had become known as rocksteady, a slowed down funky version of ska. The main difference between the sound of the Skatalites and the Soul Brothers is the arrival of electric instrumentation such as Mittoo's organ as well as electric guitar on some tracks.

In 1967, Clement Dodd decided to take a group of musicians to England. Alongside the singers Alton Ellis and Ken Boothe, he asked Alphonso, Mittoo, Moore, Brevett, Williams and Errol Walters. This group was named the Soul Vendors and signalled the end of the short-lived Soul Brothers. Shortly afterwards, Mittoo recorded his first solo album in London with the Soul Vendors.