An American folk music duo from the Lower East Side started in the early 1960s, consisting of Peter Stampfel and Steve Weber.

Their first album, The Holy Modal Rounders, was released in 1964 and featured the first use of the term 'psychedelic' (here pronounced as 'psycho-delic') in popular music. The unique blend of folk music revival, psychedelia and musicianship on this record make it popular among people interested in these phenomena.

Shortly after their second album in 1965, The Holy Modal Rounders 2, they joined Ed Sanders and Tuli Kupferberg in The Fugs for a short time. Weber notably wrote the cult classic Boobs a Lot for the Fugs, which the Rounders later recorded themselves on the Good Taste is Timeless album.

After leaving the Fugs, the Rounders reformed with Sam Shepard and Lee Crabtree to record their third album Indian War Whoop and to appear in Shepard's play Forensic.

Their 4th album, The Moray Eels Eat The Holy Modal Rounders, recorded in 1968, included Bird Song, which was prominently featured in the film Easy Rider.

In 1970, Robin Remailly and Dave Reisch joined the band, which relocated to Boston and then Oregon, adding Ted Deane, Roger North, and Jeff 'Skunk' Baxter. Stampfel stayed in New York but continued to play and record with the band on occasion.

The band released their 5th album, Good Taste is Timeless, in 1971 on Metromedia, and their 6th, Alleged in their Own Time, in 1975 on Rounder Records. Stampfel also formed the short-lived (1975-77) Unholy Modal Rounders with Kirby Pines, Charlie Messing, Jeff Berman and Paul Presti.

After releasing Last Round in 1978, the Holy Modal Rounders broke up once again.

Stampfel and Weber reunited briefly to record Going Nowhere Fast in 1980 and reunited for the last time under the Rounders name for 1999's Too Much Fun.